Study Guides Essay Example For Students

Study Guides Essay A study guide is a teaching aid designed to help students develop reading skillsneeded to enhance their comprehension of the material is the textbook. Studyguides can be very helpful to students who have low comprehension skills. Astudy guide will ensure that the student will focus their attention on what isimportant for them to learn. The study guide has to be relevant to the test thatwill be given. Many teachers will assign a specific reading for the class andmany of the students may not adhere to the teachers request. A study guide willreinforce the reading material. A study guide that is prepared without theanswers will force a student to do the reading. A study investigated the use ofstudy guides as instructional tools and compared the effectiveness of studyguides with and without analogies. Seventy-four undergraduate students in threeupper division education classes studied three passages about three obscurereligions (Manichaeism, Jainism, and the Druze religion) with and witho ut theaid of two types of studyguides. One study guide analogized the religions toChristianity, and one did not employ analogies. Both study guides were writtenin multiple-choice, short answer, and essay format. Within each class, studentswere randomly divided into three groups for comparison, and each subject wasgiven all three passages to study in different sequences, studying one passageper treatment condition. Results revealed a significant interaction between textand treatment, but with a small effect size. Results also revealed: (1) that theManichaeism text produced scores significantly different from the combination ofDruze and Jainism scores across all three treatments; (2) that the Manichaeismstudy guide treatments produced scores significantly different from those of theother two treatments; and (3) that the Druze analogical study guide treatmentproduced scores significantly different from those of the other treatments, butthat the Jainism analogical study guide treatment was not significantlydifferent from the other two treatments. A study explored whether the use of astudy guide would improve students comprehension of content area material. Twogroups of students in an eighth grade social studies class were involved:students in the control group received the usual instructionthe chapter wasread orally and discussed in classwhile students in the experimental samplewere given a study guide, skimmed the material silently, and worked on theexercises in groups of two or three. A posttest on history revealed nostatistically significant differences between the scores of the two groups. However, since both time and the amount of material were limited and since noinformation is available regarding the reliability of the method used, theresults of this study can be applied only to these two samples. Reading in thecontent areas from grades four through twelve requires the integration of newknowledge with what is already known,that involves sophisticated skills . Contentarea teachers must be aware of, model, and teach those reading and study skillsthat help students to better comprehend their reading assignments. Somestrategies that have been used successfully to train students to acquireinformation on their own include the use of prediction guides, advanceorganizers, graphic organizers, study guides, and glossing. In most of thestudies that I read, the use of a study guide improved most of the test scores. We will write a custom essay on Study Guides specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Study guides are a useful tool that can be used in any content area to enhance astudents learning. The idea behind study guides is that students can use them asmodels of how to plan their own scheme of work. They are meant to primarily tobe an initiation to self-direction. A survey was administered to 10th-graderegular biology students to diagnose the cause for low achievement on chaptertests. Survey results verified teacher suspicion that students did not readtextbook assignments when designated as homework and, as a consequence, thisdeficiency contributed to low achievement scores. A treatment included requiringadditional homework in the form of a teacher-prepared Reading Study Guide (RSG)that accompanied each chapter and had to be completed while students read theassignments. To complete the individualized RSG, students were unable to skimthe material but, instead, had to read the assignments thoroughly. Uponcompletion of the RSG, a pretest was administered and learning activities relative to the chapter objectives were presented, followed by a posttest. Clozetest results indicated improvement in student ability levels. Posttest scoresincreased significantly and the overall grade average on the RSG surpassedexpectations. During treatment, cloze test results disclosed that studentability levels were not equivalent to reading stanine levels. Overall resultsprovided evidence

english colonies, north and so essays

english colonies, north and so essays English Colonies, North and South Miguel Fuentes Chesapeake and New England were essentially settled by people from the same country, but the mind set of the two colonies were completely different. All left with the idea of starting a colony, but one was based on religion and prosperousness and the other was based on wealth and greed. As written by John Winthrope, rich, poor, powerful and weak, must work together as one man under god almighty. As he wrote in high spirits aboard the Arbella on the way to the new world. The north seemed more prosperous and well mannered, the north was not afraid of Indians, and try to wage war, but tried to teach and aid the Indians in the teachings of their god. according to the list of emigrants to New England, families were embarking on the voyage to the new world, thus leading to the assumption that these people were going to try and start a colony to populate the new country. The people of the north were religious people and based their life, rules and morales on the teachings of the lord, as shown in the articles of agreement.  The south however was not based on such morales as their opposite counterparts, the north. As gathered from the documents it did not seem as if the south was trying to build a colony at all. According tom the list of emigrants to Virginia, men heavily out weighed women, thus it was hard to build families. When they reached Virginia they dug for gold all the time. These people were worked to death and not fed well as stated in document F. The south constantly waged war with the Indians, invaders such as the Dutch, and themselves. Religion, moral, and greed are some of the words that could be used in contrasting the north and the south. Although they all came from England, they arrived in the new world completely different. They shared very little in common although they both survived, barely in the souths case, when they wee saved by the di ...

Influence of Security and Trust in the Use of E-Commerce among Essay

Influence of Security and Trust in the Use of E-Commerce among Consumers in China - Essay Example M-com does influence the business activities and consumer behaviour. However, despite these factors such as ease of use and perceived value, the Chinese consumers have been slow to adopt this technology. M-com is still in its infancy in China despite a high rate of mobile phone users (Zhou, 2010). While the e-com revenues are high in China, sophisticated m-com applications are still limited despite China having a mobile subscriber base of 461 million at the end of 2006 – the highest in the world (Xu, Yan & Zheng, 2008). M-com would continue to remain a supplement to the traditional distribution channel because businesses need to develop their m-com offerings to consumers (Zhihao, 2011). Besides, not every consumer likes to shop without visiting the real stores. Investigations on the reasons need to be ascertained. Aims and objectives Several factors influence the use of m-com and these factors may differ across regions, nations and cultures. With the aim to ascertain how secur ity and trust concerns influence the intentions to use m-commerce, the objectives of the study are: To evaluate the benefits of m-com over internet shopping To evaluate the extent to which security and trust deter consumers from using m-commerce To determine the extent to which Chinese consumers use m-commerce for bill payments Literature Review Studies have been conducted on evaluating the cultural reasons why Chinese consumers have been slow in adopting m-commerce. The intentions to use m-com have been determined and Dai and Palvia (2009) found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant influence on the Chinese consumers’ intention to use m-com. The study however, did not evaluate the reasons or factors that are responsible for low intentions to use e-com in China. One of the possible reasons cited by the authors is security and trust in m-com. Zhou (2010) finds that system quality and the information quality influence the perceived value and the p erceived ease of use of the Chinese consumers. Service quality impacts the level of trust that consumers have in using m-commerce. Switching costs and commitment can also influence m-com which has not been researched. Using mobile phones for financial transactions can bring many benefits to the banking sector but its usage is limited. It not only benefits the banks but also the consumers who can pay for remote purchasing but many systems had to be closed down (Cognet, 2010). Theoretical framework It thus appears that the intention to use depends to a large extent on the system quality, quality of the website and the content. The quality of these factors determines the level of trust that can influence the decision to use m-commerce. Hence the theoretical framework for the study would be based upon the elements of relationship marketing and the trust theory. Relationship marketing encompasses relational contracting and working partnerships. Successful relationship marketing requires mutual trust and commitment. This has become important as organizations realize that they have to collaborate to compete. Thus, to what extent the retailers have been able to generate trust among the consumers would be ascertained because this determines the confidence they would have in engaging in m-commerce. Research Design The youth are more

Rainbows, Mirages, and the Green Flash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Rainbows, Mirages, and the Green Flash - Essay Example On that point rainbows are formed when white light from the sun travels through the raindrops. Apparently, dispersion occurs, which is the separation of white light into its constituent colors as a result of the refraction. Notably, if one needs to see the rainbow, one must look towards the sun. Essentially, the level of the sky does not matter, however, the colours appears at different parts of the sky for instance red appears on the high sky an violet on the lower. On that point, the secondary rainbow occurs when the colours in the raindrop after being refracted are reflected twice and it appears above the primary rainbow. On the contrary, supernumerary arcs can be defined as the shades of pink and green observed under the primary rainbow. Mirage can be defined as the phenomenon of bending light travelling into the warmer low density medium to the ground. Evidently, the inferior medium is commonly observed in the desert and this form of refraction makes hot, dry surfaces appear wet. In addition, superior mirage occurs when the air next to the ground is cold and thus rays are bent away from the ground. Incidentally, we can distinguish superior and inferior mirages by their effect, for instance, inferior mirages, cause an inverted image of the object on the ground while in superior, the image appears upright, in other words makes mountains appear longer. Lastly, green flash occurs when the sun is setting and it involves the bending of light in the upper atmosphere. Notably, the bending is usually exaggerated. It is worth noting that the occurrence is hard to spot. Notably, I have never seen the phenomenon. To this end, refraction has vast application in nature, thus an interesting topic to study. The formation of rainbows, mirages, and the green flash. (2005, September 14). The formation of rainbows, mirages, and the green flash. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from

Essay comparing two plays about the US between 1939-1941 over the role

Comparing two plays about the US between 1939-1941 over the role America played in WWII - Essay Example Lillian Hellman was blacklisted after the war for her work with Dorothy Parker and others with communist ties. Odets was also blacklisted for his organizational work and writings, but was able to remain free of the punishment that Hellman received due to co-operation with authorities, something that calls his greater legacy into question and doubt. As both advocated resistance, in their personal lives it is important to see in what ways their ideas were applied personally to the greater society as a whole and actually lived. Odets was a long-time Socialist organizer in the tradition of Eugene Debs and Upton Sinclair, a radical Leftist constantly at odds with the government and established authority, seeking reform and justice in the political system. Lillian Hellman’s play, Watch on the Rhine, and Odets’ Waiting for Lefty, both show political organization as the answer to State repression and fascism in their themes, but Hellman’s play delivers a patriotic, pro-war message that can be considered supportive of the government’s foreign policy at the time, and advocating organized, violent resistance in the humanitarian context of the war in Europe, with respect to German dissidents and organizers in America. â€Å"For every man who lives without freedom, the rest of us must face the guilt,† she famously wrote, and this is remembered to this day as a rallying cry for WWII. (Helman, 1941) Odets, however, can be seen as sending the message of the need for organization and a rmed resistance through the Labor movement of Socialism, and his violence is directed to a type of domestic fascism of the corporate State in American political expression. Edna (with great joy): â€Å"I dont say one man! I say a hundred, a thousand, a whole million, I say. But start in your own union. Get those hack boys together! Sweep out those racketeers like a pile of dirt! Stand up like men and fight for the

Human Influence on Spread of Disease

Human Influence on Spread of Disease Through the last 40 years, concern about the spread of infectious disease has progressed due to the public becoming more concerned about infectious diseases major public health threats. Despite the fact that everything these days is hygienic, hypoallergenic, sterilized, and individually wrapped for your protection, over 30 infectious diseases have cropped up over the last twenty-five years (Patz Confalonieri, 2004). Even with all these precautions, Infectious diseases have become the leading cause of death in the world and the third in the United States. Mainly as a result of advancements in medical technology, people are living for a longer time than they ever used to. Even in undeveloped countries the population density has become more intense. Third world countries do not have sufficient sewage systems, pure drinking water, ample housing, or proper medical facilities to handle the rising population. Because of the increasing population, people are packed into congested megacities, many of which are in humid regions where the environment is ideal for infectious diseases to flourish in (Hay et al. 2005). Today, in the 21st century, there are over 24 megacities in the world, the majority of them in under developed nations. It is predicted that before the year 2010, half of the worlds inhabitants will be residing in congested urban locations (Hay et al. 2005). The existing economic situation is surely causing numerous rural people to relocate to cities to attain work. Various contagious illnesses that were formerly localized in rural areas are now capable of reaching larger populations by way of rural urbanization. The number of people that dwell in poverty inside large metropolitan areas has grown at an alarming rate. Urban impoverished areas are breeding grounds for diseases comparable to tuberculosis (Hay et al. 2005). Data compilations, completed in 1990, estimated that there were, 20 million refugees and 30 million displaced people in the world. (Patz Confaloniere, 2004) Entire population movements were largely due to political, economic or catastrophic events such as flooding, earthquakes and drought are crucial elements in disease development. Such crises lead to temporary living arrangements, such as refugee camps and short-term shelters, which become the perfect environment for the spread of infections. Short-term living spaces frequently share similarities with impoverished city areas. Some of those similarities are; overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, restricted access to medical attention, lack of uncontaminated water and food, displacement, and ineffective barriers for disease-carrying agents. An example is the movement of 500,000 800,000 Rwandan refugees into Zaire in 1994. Almost 50,000 refugees died during the first month from cholera. (Patz Confaloniere, 2004) Importing and Exporting of goods We dine on foods from the worlds gardens, except not all imported foods are healthy. Raspberries from Guatemala made a great many Americans sick on account of a parasite known as Cyclosporine, which was in the water that was used to spray and water the raspberries. Potential disease-ridden bugs and tainted foods, vegetation, and other goods cross U.S. borders on daily basis. Ever since the 1980s, the quantity of imported food to the U.S. has doubled. Increases in food imports have endangered the nations food protection procedure. Despite the fact that we depend on the FDA, USDA and additional government organizations to safeguard our food supply, the number of inspections have reduced by 50% of what they had been a few years back (Garrett, 1996). Due to the worlds countries steadily become more entwined, inter-reliant, and extremely competitive, will the other nations of the world adjust their values to become more akin to those of the U.S. or will the U.S., regardless of elevated principles, turn out to be more susceptible to the rest of the worlds germs? (Garrett, 1996) Sexual Promiscuity and Drug Use The most recent epidemic on a worldwide scale is HIV/Aids. HIV/Aids appeared in 1979 but it was until the mid 1980s that the disease was given a name. Thirty years later there is still no cure for this disease. HIV/Aids are spread through body fluids with the main ways of becoming effected are through sexual contact and intravenous drug use. In 1997 it was estimated by UNAIDS (United Nations special program on the AIDS epidemic, that over 16,000 people worldwide were being infected with the HIV virus every day. This epidemic has shown the world that we are continually defending ourselves from an army of microscopic organisms that can emerge or mutate at any time (Eberstadt, 2002). Intravenous drug use continues to spread the disease far beyond those who inject drugs. Anyone who has sex with an intravenous drug user is at great risk of contracting the disease. Then to make matters worse, children born to HIV infected mothers may also become infected. Since the beginning of the HIV/Aids, intravenous drug use has either directly or indirectly accounted for over 36% of all Aids cases in the U.S. Racial and ethnic minority people in the U.S. are at the greatest risk. It is not only intravenous drug users that are at risk because studies have shown that crack smokers are three times more likely to contract Aids than those who do not smoke crack. Sixty-one percent of all women infected with the HIV virus had contracted it through sexual contact (Eberstadt, 2002). It is predicted that in the 21st century, the group with the highest risk will be children under the age of 15. In 1997, over half a million children, worldwide, under 15 years old had contracted HIV through birth by infected mothers, sexual contact, and drug use. HIV/Aids is the second leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 25 and 44. HIV/Aids is the leading cause of death for African American men and women between 25 and 44 years of age. Over half of the reported Aids cases in 1997 were among young homosexual men and 49% of infected women were infected heterosexually (Eberstadt, 2002). The HIV/Aids epidemic has also been the cause of another epidemic; Millions of children are being orphaned by HIV/Aids infected parents, quoted by Eberstadt, (2002). Changes in climate due to Global Warming Numerous transmittable diseases are extremely receptive to climatic shifts, mainly in temperature, surface water, and moisture. It is evident that climatic shifts are taking place as a result of increased emissions of green house gases. The main causes of climatic shifts are caused by human influences. The typical global surface temperature since AD 1000 began to increase around 1975. From 1975 to 2001, the worlds typical surface temperature has increased by .4 degrees Celsius. It is estimated that over the next century, the typical surface temperature will increase 2-3 degrees Celsius (IPCC 2001). According to Karl and Trenberth (2003), This change in temperature will soon exceed the bounds of natural variability. The frequency and geographical span of selected plant and animal infectious diseases has apparently altered, to some extent in reaction to climate shifts over recent years. Many infectious diseases are greatly influenced by the altering of local, regional, and global ecosystems that is being done by humans. In tropical regions, dams that were created by humans to store water for irrigation and hydroelectric power have made it possible for water borne diseases to expand in populated areas where they were previously nonexistent. (Harvell et al. 2002). Human transferable diseases are attributed to an intricate range of conditions making it hard to know precisely what the effects are as a result of climate variation alone. Even so, some data exists regarding an influence of recent climate change on Cholera in Bangladesh, tick-borne Encephalitis in Sweden, and Malaria in regions of eastern Africa (Lindgren Gustafson, 2001). There has been extensive research done to establish how human diseases such as malaria and dengue fever will react to the scope of worldwide climate shifts that are projected to take place over the next century. A great deal more research needs to be completed to conclude how climatic variations will effect microbial mutation and how the recent increase in severe weather events and natural disasters will affect the dispersion of communicable diseases (Kuno, 1995). Dengue fever is affected by urbanization, travel, trade, and weather conditions. Dengue is by far the most notable vector-borne viral disease of humans. This disease is extremely likely to become affected by worldwide climate alteration. Approx. 80 million cases of Dengue fever are reported each year, of which 20,000 die. Dengue is primarily a tropical disease and has expanded in recent decades to nations with moderate climates. The increase in the number of cases is also attributed to an increase in human mobility via air travel (Monath, 1994). The Dengue virus breeds in stagnate water locations that are commonly found in the urban environment. This virus strain has accomplished extraordinary evolutionary adjustment to coexist with humans, having originated in the tropical forests of Africa. It has been determined by scientific research, that Dengue is one of the main communicable diseases most expected to be affected by international climate shifts all the way through the 21st century and farther into the future (Monath, 1994). Many infectious diseases are greatly influenced by the altering of local, regional, and global ecosystems that is being done by humans. In tropical regions, dams that were created by humans to store water for irrigation and hydroelectric power have made it possible for water borne diseases to expand in populated areas where they were previously nonexistent (Kuno, 1995). Methodology The research for this article is qualitative in nature. Qualitative research is a method of used by many academic subjects, such as; social sciences and marketing research. Qualitative researchers have a goal of learning about human behavior (e.g. why and how people do what they do). This types of research focuses on researching specific items of a topic instead of the whole topic and all of its variables. The research conducted for this paper was focused on six human influenced factors that may or may not be the cause of increased spreading of infectious diseases. A small sampling of specific infectious diseases is discussed in relation to the factors that were researched. Data Collection Method The grounded theory data collection method was used for this paper. Grounded theory is used to form a theory or to prove or disprove a current theory from the data retrieved during the process of conducting research. Analysis of data: Interpretive techniques The most common analysis of qualitative data is observer impression. That is, expert or bystander observers examine the existing documented data, interpret it via forming an impression and report their impression in a structured and sometimes quantitative form. Limitations The research for this paper has determined that not all infectious diseases have been positively linked to modern day factors. Research in this field is in progress. In order for scientists to determine the factors causing the spread or mutation of a disease, they must first determine the cause of each factor. For example: it has been only recently, that the main cause of climate changes was human influence, had been discovered. Summary Research on all six factors was conducted by reading and compiling recorded data on factors and the diseases. It was determined that several very serious infectious diseases can be linked to one or more the researched factors. In the last 40 years over thirty new, renewed, or mutated diseases have plagued the world. It was also discovered that all of the factors were influenced by humans. It is my opinion that there is only one main factor that causes the spread of infectious disease, and that factor is humans. Conclusion Many of the past diseases that cause worldwide pandemics are still alive and mutating today. One of the biggest threats for the 21st century is the influenza virus. The flu virus constantly mutates and becomes immune to vaccines very quickly. The most recent deadly strain is H1N1 (Nipah virus) also known as the swine flu, and also recently the bird flu (Fong, 2008). According the St. Johns Providence Health System, In the first 10 years of this century, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have noticed a disturbing trend. The number of people diagnosed with diseases such as West Nile, Monkey Pox, and Hantavirus has risen greatly. Diseases that had once been nearly wiped out, such as measles, mumps, pertussis, and malaria, have reappeared. And to top it all off, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases like tuberculosis and Aids appear to be accelerating again. St. Johns Providence Health System feels that the reason for the escalation is the way humans live. A few of those reasons are: (2010) Weakened immune systems caused by genetics, other diseases, and malnutrition. Clearing forests and wetlands increases humans exposure to rats. Giving antibiotics to farm animals. The increase in worldwide natural disasters. War and biological weapons. Authors note: It will certainly take global efforts to control the spread of infectious disease. It seems that humans have been messing with Mother Nature and she is not very happy about it.

Life at college :: essays research papers

Term Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The person with whom I sat and collected my data for my term paper was a woman who works in the Ethnic Studies program in the library here at school. I interviewed her not because she work in Ethnic Studies, but because she, like myself was a member of a Greek-Letter organization. For the rest of the population that does not know, she is in a sorority and I am in a fraternity. Due to the fact that we had such a common ground, certainly there was a number of direction that my paper could have taken, but I focused it on the way it was when she pledged, and the way it is now and moreover why numbers of intakes are decline so rapidly in this part of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The woman I spoke with was a girl, a member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Delta Sigma Theta, along with eight other fraternities and sororities comprise the National Pan-Hellenic Council. This council is the housing body for these nine historically black Greek-Letter Organizations, more commonly named the â€Å"Noble Nine†. The oldest of these organizations is Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.(1908) and the youngest is the fraternity that I am a member of, Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc.(1963). Lisa’s organization was founded in 1913, just the fifth of these organizations founded, and only the second sorority. As has been evidenced, with certain organizations having more years on others, some prejudices and stereotypes have been created and perpetuated, and this is where we began our discussion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You guys weren’t even around when I pledged† was one of the first things Lisa said to me in our interview. Although, Lisa did pledge after 1963, Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc., had not yet been an officially inducted in to the NPHC. Although Lisa takes a more pro-active and mature approach to learning about this new organization, there still remain a few that don’t. â€Å"I know about your organization, although they weren’t around when I was in school†, Lisa said. The minority of the Greek population feels as though if you weren’t around when the pledged, then you don’t exist or get recognized. Also the older the organization: the larger the organization. For instance, since Lisa’s sorority was founded an entire fifty years before mine, their membership is significantly higher. Some people from the old school of thought have being enculturated to hold the disposition that an organization’s wort h is directly related to its size.